High-risk objects

        1. Asymptomatic people over 45 years old;
        2. Two weeks of anorectal symptoms over the age of 40 (refers to any of the following symptoms lasting more than two weeks: changes in stool habits (constipation, diarrhea, etc.); changes in stool shape (feces become thinner); changes in stool properties (hematochezia, mucous stool, etc.) ; People with pain in a fixed part of the abdomen);
        3. Patients with long-term ulcerative colitis;
        4. People after colorectal cancer surgery;
        5. People after colorectal adenoma treatment;
        6. Immediate relatives with family history of colorectal cancer;
        7. An immediate family member of a patient diagnosed with hereditary colorectal cancer (referring to familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) and hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC)) who is over 20 years old.
 
Screening recommendations

        1. "General population" screening that meets 1~5:
        (1) Colorectal cancer screening starts at the age of 45, regardless of men and women, fecal occult blood (FOBT) testing is performed once a year, and colonoscopy is performed once every 10 years until the age of 75;
        (2) Those who are 76 to 85 years old, who are physically fit and whose life expectancy is more than 10 years, can continue to be screened;
        (3) If you are over 85 years old, it is not recommended to continue screening. 
        2. Screening of immediate family members with "family history of colorectal cancer":
        (1) 1 first-degree relative has clear high-grade adenoma or cancer (onset age is less than 60 years old), 2 or more first-degree relatives have clear high-grade adenoma or cancer (any age of onset), starting at 40 years old (Or start 10 years younger than the age of onset of the youngest person in the family) screening, FOBT examination once a year, colonoscopy once every 5 years;
        (2) High-risk subjects with a family history of first-degree relatives (only one, and the age of onset is older than 60 years): Start screening at the age of 40, FOBT test once a year, and colonoscopy once every ten years. 
        3. Screening for family members of “hereditary colorectal cancer” that meets 7: For family members of FAP and HNPCC patients, when the first case gene mutation in the family is clear, gene mutation test is recommended.
        (1) Those who have a positive gene mutation test, after the age of 20, undergo colonoscopy once every 1 to 2 years;
        (2) Those who have a negative gene mutation test shall be screened according to the general population.
 
 4. Recommendations on screening methods:
        (1) FOBT testing + questionnaire survey is the main screening method, with sufficient evidence;
        (2) Multi-target genetic testing of blood may help improve the accuracy of screening, which is relatively expensive;
        (3) Those who have conditions can combine stool and blood methods for screening.
 
Prevention advice

        1. Exercise can effectively reduce the occurrence of tumors, adhere to physical exercise, and avoid obesity;
        2. A healthy diet, increase the intake of crude fiber and fresh fruits, and avoid high-fat and high-protein diets;
        3. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory and analgesics may be effective in preventing bowel cancer. The elderly can try to take low-dose aspirin, which may reduce the risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and bowel cancer. Consult a doctor for specific use;
        4. Quit smoking and avoid its long-term toxicity and inflammatory irritation to the digestive tract.