"Immune cells refer to cells involved in or related to immune responses. These include lymphocytes, dendritic cells, monocytes/macrophages, granulocytes, mast cells, etc. Immune cells can be divided into many types. Various immune cells play important roles. Immune cells are the common name for white blood cells, including lymphocytes, APSC pluripotent cells, and various phagocytes. They also specifically refer to lymph that can recognize antigens and produce specific immune responses. Cells etc."
Immunity and diabetes
The occurrence of diabetes is closely related to immune dysfunction. Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease. The immune system of diabetic patients attacks and kills the pancreatic β cells that secrete insulin. As a result, the pancreas cannot secrete enough. insulin. It is easy to suffer from various diseases: diabetes patients with glucose metabolism disorder, high blood sugar, increased sugar content in tissue cells, and accumulation of pyruvate, which are conducive to the growth and reproduction of bacteria; lipometabolism, and increased triglycerides, which provide rich nutrition for the bacteria; Decreased protein formation, decreased levels of antibodies and complement in the body, decreased immunity, and increased blood viscosity, microcirculation disturbances, affecting the oxygen exchange between blood and tissues, and further reducing the body’s resistance; metabolic disorders in diabetic patients lead to liver damage and conversion of vitamins A function declines, resulting in damage to the integrity of the respiratory mucosal epithelium, decreased defense function, and susceptibility to bacterial infections.
Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease
A large number of experimental studies and clinical observations have proved that after the occurrence of cardiovascular disease, the body's immune system can be activated and trigger an abnormal autoimmune response, leading to the production of autoantibodies, and the abnormal expression of inflammatory cytokines in the tissue cells of cardiovascular lesions through autocrine or The paracrine pathway mediates local inflammation, which leads to the occurrence and development of cardiovascular disease. Further research found that the occurrence of cardiovascular disease may be related to the decline of immune cell function and the failure to clean up senescent cells. Based on this, cardiovascular immunology has become a hot spot in cardiovascular research.
Immune cells and lifespan
Scientific research has found that as age increases, the total amount of hematopoietic tissue and the differentiation ability of bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells (the source of immune cells) are significantly reduced, and the ability of hematopoietic stem cells to differentiate into immune cells declines, resulting in a decline in the function of various immune cells, even part of them. The number of immune cells will also decrease.
In 2013, an international authoritative magazine reported that with age, the total number of immune cells in the blood of men and women will decrease, but the number of immune cells in men decreases significantly faster than that in women.
Immune cells and aging
The decline of immune function is an important factor that causes the body to age. With age, immune organs age, immune cells and cytokines decrease, the body's immune function gradually weakens, and the incidence of infectious diseases, tumors, and mortality gradually increase.
Immune cells and tumors
In the past 30 years, the incidence of cancer in the world has increased at an average annual rate of 3-5%, and it has become the first cause of death in humans.
The occurrence of cancer is multi-factor and multi-step, including viruses, chemistry, physics, hormones, heredity, chronic inflammation, genetic mutations and so on. The immune system can recognize and respond to tumors, and recognize and eliminate cancerous abnormal cells through cellular immune mechanisms.
Immunity and viruses
Virus infection refers to the pathological process in which the virus invades the body through mucous membranes or damaged skin, replicates and proliferates in susceptible cells locally or systemically, causing different degrees of damage to the body. The immune system's response to virus infection includes non-specific immunity and specificity. Sexual immunity has two parts.
Cellular immunity (mainly responsible by T in immune cells) is the main force against viral infections, which mainly plays an important role in clearing viral infections and promoting disease recovery; humoral immunity (mainly responsible by B in immune cells) continues to exist in body fluids The virus can last for months to years.
Immunity and bacteria
After the bacteria invade the host body, they grow and reproduce and release toxic substances, which can cause different degrees of pathological reactions. After pathogenic bacteria invade, while establishing infection, it can stimulate the body's immune system to produce a series of immune responses to fight against it. The outcome depends on the strength of the pathogenic bacteria and the body. It can be that the infection does not form; the infection forms but gradually subsides, the patient recovers or the infection spreads, and the patient dies. If the immune cell function in the body is strong, the bacterial infection will not form.
Immunity and parasites
Parasites usually exist in the host for a long time and are a major threat to human health. Common parasites include scabies mites, roundworms, tapeworms, toxoplasma gondii, amoeba and so on. Parasites can stimulate the body's immune system and induce an immune response. The immune system can produce immune effects against parasites in the body, and can produce resistance to re-infection of the same parasites. Immune cells (B cells) can secrete antibodies and act on the parasite alone, making it lose the ability to invade cells; it can also dissolve the parasite. Immune cells (T cells) can also directly kill parasites and protect the body.
